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The Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity was made by the Director-General of UNESCO starting in 2001 to raise awareness on intangible cultural heritage and encourage local communities to protect them and the local people who sustain these forms of cultural expressions.〔 Several manifestations of intangible heritage around the world were awarded the title of ''Masterpieces'' to recognize the value of the non-material component of culture, as well as entail the commitment of states to promote and safeguard the Masterpieces.〔 Further proclamations occurred biennially until 2005.〔 Until 2005, a total of 90 Masterpieces from 70 countries had been proclaimed. 76 more ''elements'' were added on 30 September 2009, during the fourth session of the Committee.〔(The Tango, Ainu dance of Japan and France’s Aubusson tapestry inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity - | UNESCO.ORG ) October 1, 2009.〕 ==Background== UNESCO defines oral and intangible heritage as “the totality of tradition-based creations of a cultural community expressed by a group or individuals and recognized as reflecting the expectations of a community in so far as they reflect its cultural and social identity.”〔 Language, literature, music and dance, games and sports, culinary traditions, rituals and mythologies, knowledge and practices concerning the universe, know-how linked to handicrafts, and cultural spaces are among the many forms of intangible heritage.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?pg=00002 )〕 Intangible heritage is seen as a repository of cultural diversity, and creative expression, as well as a driving force for living cultures.〔 Since it can be vulnerable to forces of globalization, social transformation, and intolerance,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html )〕 UNESCO encourages communities to identify, document, protect, promote and revitalize such heritage.〔 Upon the adoption of the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity on November 2001,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url= http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001271/127160m.pdf )〕 UNESCO encouraged recognition and protection of intangible heritage in the same way as natural and cultural treasures of tangible heritage are protected.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date=2002-02-19 )〕 Although UNESCO has had a program (active since 1972) to protect the world’s cultural and natural heritage, known as the World Heritage List, it thought that the List was directed mostly to the protection and representation of tangible, monumental elements of past cultures or natural environment.〔 The Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, is UNESCO’s response to the call for humanity to widen its concept of cultural heritage by bringing in the intangible aspects.〔 The idea for the project came from people concerned about Morocco’s Jeema’ el Fna Square in Marrakesh.〔 The locality is known for its active concentration of traditional activities by storytellers, musicians and performers, but it was threatened by economic development pressures.〔 In fighting for the protection of traditions, the residents called for action on an international level to recognize the need for the protection of such places—termed as cultural spaces—and other popular and traditional forms of cultural expression.〔 The UNESCO label of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity aims to raise awareness about the importance of oral and intangible heritage as an essential component of cultural diversity.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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